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Lake Waiau
Lake Waiau is a high-elevation lake located at above sea level on Mauna Kea, on the island of Hawaiʻi. It is arguably one of the highest lakes in the USA,〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Highest Lake in the USA )〕 and one of very few lakes at all in the state of Hawaiʻi. It is relatively small, only about 100 m across, and varies in size as the water level rises and falls. At high water levels a small outlet stream appears at the northwest end, but it is absorbed into the ground after a short distance. The name means "swirling water" in Hawaiian, though it is usually rather placid. It usually freezes in winter, but aquatic insects such as midges and beetles can be found breeding in the water.
== Description ==
Lake Waiau is located inside the ''Pu'u Waiau'' cinder cone at an altitude of 3970 m. It is approximately heart shaped and its diameter reaches about 100 m. The average surface area of the lake is around 6000 m2. The size of its surface area fluctuates significantly over the year. It reaches its peak during spring with a maximal depth between 2 m and 2.5 m and by the end of the summer it often has shrunk to one third of its original size with a maximal depth below 1 m. A spillover into the ''Pohakuloa Gulch'' occurs, when the lake depth is more than 2.3 m. The lake is only fed precipitation which occurs primarily during the winter, its catchment area is about 135,000 m2 mostly located within ''Pu'u Waiau'' cinder cone.〔
The lake is an anomaly in the peak region of Mauna Kea as everywhere else the ground is unable to retain water. The exact nature of the impermeable ground layer of the lake is still unknown. It is assumed, that fine-grained densely compressed ash, basalt rock or small permafrost layer may play a role. No permafrost layer has been established so far for the lake area itself, but it was found at another location in peak area. Established however is 7.5 m thick sediment layer at the bottom of the lake.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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